back story

back story
  refers to the events that directly happened prior to the beginning of the story, or lead to the story; composed of information that helps fill out the skeletal story of a screenplay or a character's background, often to help actors (or the audience) understand motivation.
  Example: the beginning of Casablanca (1942) provides back story about the war, the locale of the film, etc.; a reversal of back story is found in Memento (2000)

Glossary of cinematic terms . 2015.

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